Briefing: How volcanic eruptions and internal climate cycles jointly shape Asian monsoon rainfall

Monsoon rains are essential for agricultural productivity in South Asia and northern China, supporting the livelihoods of billions.

Research indicates that rainfall patterns exhibit considerable variability over decades, influenced by both volcanic eruptions and internal climate cycles.

Understanding these dynamics is critical for predicting agricultural outcomes, as fluctuations in monsoon rainfall can have profound effects on food security and economic stability.